The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files (CCF) is the independent body that decides whether data held in INTERPOL’s systems — including Red Notices and diffusions — comply with INTERPOL’s own rules. It can order that data be corrected, blocked or deleted. The Commission publishes anonymised excerpts of selected decisions; this page indexes every excerpt it has published so far.
How often does the Commission order deletion?
Every published excerpt was read and classified by the operative paragraph of the decision itself — the part beginning “For these reasons, the Commission” — rather than by its summary or keywords. Where the Commission found the challenged data not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules, the data are deleted. Where it found them compliant, the notice stands, sometimes with a correction added to the file.
These figures describe the decisions INTERPOL has chosen to publish. They are not a success rate for applications generally: the Commission publishes only a small selection of its decisions, and that selection is not random. Read them as an indication of which arguments the Commission has accepted and rejected, not as odds.
What the Commission actually reviews
The Commission does not retry the criminal case. It does not decide guilt, weigh evidence the way a trial court would, or rule on whether an extradition should proceed. Its question is narrower: may INTERPOL lawfully keep processing this data?
In practice the recurring grounds fall into five families, and the database below is organised around them:
- Political persecution — Article 3 of INTERPOL’s Constitution forbids any intervention in matters of a political, military, religious or racial character. Cases involving opposition figures, asylum seekers and refugee status sit here.
- Human rights — Article 2 requires INTERPOL to act in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Risk of torture or ill-treatment, risk to life and serious health grounds are argued under it.
- Procedural defects — the validity of the underlying arrest warrant, due process and fair-hearing failures, conviction in absentia, ne bis in idem, and the absence of any real extradition action behind the notice.
- Data quality and seriousness — whether the description of the criminal activity is adequate, whether the case meets the international-interest and seriousness threshold, and whether INTERPOL’s channels are being used for their proper purpose.
- Commercial and family disputes — private matters dressed as crime, unpaid or dishonoured cheques, and parental custody conflicts.
Most decisions engage more than one ground at once, which is why the totals across the five families exceed the number of decisions.
The first of these families is covered in depth on its own page: how the Commission decides politically motivated Red Notices, including the predominance test and the evidence that has actually persuaded it.
How to read an entry
Each entry gives the decision reference, the type of data challenged, the grounds the Commission dealt with, the outcome, and the operative wording of the ruling. The full anonymised excerpt is attached as a PDF exactly as INTERPOL published it. Names, dates, countries and case references are redacted at source by the Commission — that redaction is theirs, not ours, and it is why no entry identifies a country or an individual.
The published decisions
65 decisions
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Due process · Judicial data · Lack of action for extradition
Concludes that the data challenged are not compl iant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data;
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Lack of action for extradition · Political character
General country reports, and extradition refusals granted to other people in the same case, do not establish that this applicant's own prosecution is political. The Commission will not assess a country's judicial system at large; it decides on information specific to the case before it.
Concludes that the data challenged is compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data subject to the recommendations below;
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Lack of action for extradition · Political character
Proximity to an ousted head of state and the timing of charges after a change of regime were not enough on their own. The Commission also held that issuing a valid Red Notice does not in itself infringe the freedom-of-movement right in Article 13 of the Universal Declaration, which is subject to lawful and proportionate limits.
Concludes that the data challenged is compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, subject to the recommendations below.
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Private matter · Unfunded cheques
Concludes that the data challenged is not compl iant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data;
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Due process · Political character · Trial in absentia
Where several national courts, international bodies and arbitral tribunals had already found the wider prosecution politically motivated, the political elements predominated over the ordinary-crime elements. The Commission treated political context and the fairness of the proceedings as inseparable and deleted the data without reaching the remaining arguments.
Concludes that the data challenged are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data;
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Reexamination
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Concludes that the conditions to re-examine the case have not been met.
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Reexamination
Concludes that the conditions to re-examine the case are met.
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Private matter
Concludes that the data challenged is not compl iant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data;
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Ne bis in idem
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Concludes that the data challenged is compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data ----------------
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Lack of action for extradition
Concludes that the conditions for revision are not met.
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Accuracy-Quality
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Due process · Political character
Acquittal on some of the charges showed the trial court had not accepted the prosecution evidence uncritically. General reports on torture and prison conditions, and press coverage of an unrelated incident, could not establish a violation of Article 2 in this applicant's case.
Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, subject to the update of the Applicant’s file.
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Political character · Private matter
Conduct that originates in a breach of civil or administrative rules can still be criminal for INTERPOL's purposes. The requesting bureau showed the charges had been brought lawfully and within its jurisdiction, so the Commission could not treat the matter as an essentially private dispute.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Lack of action for extradition · Lawfulness-Validity of proceedings · Political character
The judicial decision underlying the notice was not an arrest warrant within the meaning of Article 83(2)(b)(ii) of the Rules on the Processing of Data. That the earlier Red Notice had itself been used to obtain the later decision added to the doubts, and together with weak evidence of participation and political elements the data were found non-compliant.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files.
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Religious character
A religious dimension to a case is not enough by itself: the applicant must show that religious elements predominate over the ordinary criminal elements. The Green Notice stood because the requesting bureau supplied a proper public-safety assessment supporting the warning.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Family matter · Lawfulness-Validity of proceedings
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged concerning the Applicant and the Children are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be d
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Due process
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data subject to updating the Applicant’s file with […].
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Lack of action for extradition · Lawfulness-Validity of proceedings · Political character
The decision relied on was not an arrest warrant within the meaning of Article 83(2)(b)(ii) of the Rules on the Processing of Data, and the first Red Notice had been used in obtaining the later judicial decision. Combined with doubts over the applicant's effective participation and the political elements around the proceedings, the data were found non-compliant.
Decides that the data challenged are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files.
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International interest-Seriousness · Trial in absentia · Unfunded cheques
Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Due process · International interest-Seriousness · Unfunded cheques
Decides that the data challenged are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files.
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Lawfulness-Validity of proceedings · Political character · Purpose
A later judgment of the very court that had issued the arrest warrant, dismissing the prosecution case and criticising the investigation, carried strong weight even though it was under appeal. Read with doubts about an underlying private dispute and the political context, it tipped the balance to deletion.
Decides that the data challenged are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files.
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Due process · Political character · Purpose
Applying the predominance test, the Commission weighs the nature of the offence, the status of the person and the general context. Membership of an opposition party did not carry the case where the acts were committed in a corporate role and the file showed concrete personal gain.
Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, subject to the following update of the Applicant’s file: 2.
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2018 - Decision Excerpt N° 6
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, subject to the following update of the Applicant’s file: - the extradi
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Access to files · Asylum-Refugee · Political character
A journalist was detained abroad on the notice, yet the requesting authorities never lodged an extradition request or explained the omission, and press-freedom bodies and UN reporting had criticised the prosecution. Maintaining the data risked INTERPOL being perceived as facilitating politically motivated activity.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Article 2-Torture and mistreatments · Political character
Statements obtained through torture may not be invoked as evidence in criminal proceedings, and the Commission will review whether a case rests on such material even though it does not assess evidence as a trial court would. With strong political elements alongside, retention would have compromised the Organization's neutrality.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Family matter
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant and the Child are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from IN
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Misuse of INTERPOL channels · Political character · Status of the person
Even a Blue Notice, which seeks information rather than arrest, requires concrete elements showing the person's own participation. The file did not explain how the applicant had bribed anyone or benefited, and his post had been a political appointment.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Lawfulness-Validity of proceedings · Misuse of INTERPOL channels · Status of the person
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data
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Access to files · Political character
A bureau that withholds the material behind a notice must justify the restriction as relevant and proportionate and accept counter-balancing measures such as a redacted summary. Unexplained secrecy that leaves the applicant unable to answer the case breaches his fundamental rights.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files if the NCB of
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Accuracy-Quality · Due process · Political character
Under the predominance test the person's own status is only one factor. An applicant who was never a politician still succeeded, because the criminal nature of the offence was doubtful and the general context of the case was political.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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2018 - Decision Excerpt N°14
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Article 2-Torture and mistreatments · Lack of action for extradition
2) Decides, upon revision, that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files.
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Lawfulness-Validity of proceedings · Purpose
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Access to files · Article 2-Right to life
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Access to files · Lawfulness-Validity of proceedings · Private matter
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Unfunded cheques
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Article 2-Right to security in sickness · Lack of action for extradition
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, subject to the following update of the Applicant’s file: the informati
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Lack of action for extradition · Private matter
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, subject to the following update of the Applicant’s file: any referen
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Purpose
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant ’s passport […], issued by […] authorities, are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that
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Article 2-Right to security in sickness
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Article 2-Right to life · Ne bis in idem
Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files .
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Accuracy-Quality · International interest-Seriousness
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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International interest-Seriousness · Lack of action for extradition
Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data ---------------- Vitalie Pîrlog Chairman of the Commission Secretariat to the Commission for the Control
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Accuracy-Quality · Political character · Private matter
Minor discrepancies in the summary of facts or in identity particulars do not breach the data-quality requirement in Article 12 of the Rules on the Processing of Data, where they neither prevent identification nor undermine the coherence of what is necessarily an abridged statement.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Article 2-Right to movement within a state · Trial in absentia
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Description of criminal activities · Extradition
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not c ompliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s file
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Description of criminal activities · Extradition · Ne bis in idem
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, subject to the following update of the Applicant’s file: - the extradi
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Description of criminal activities · Transfer of proceedings
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Description of criminal activities · Political character · Purpose
Protective status granted abroad does not by itself trigger INTERPOL's refugee policy. Generalised claims about a country's judicial system or about tensions between states do not show the flagrant human-rights violation Article 2 requires; those arguments belong before the extradition judge.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Description of criminal activities · Due process · Extradition · Refugee Policy
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Purpose of a Green Notice
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Lawfulness-Validity of proceedings · Retroactive application of criminal law · continuous offence
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, subject to the following update of the Applicant’s file: the extradi
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Validity of an SMV registration
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of data.
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Application for revision · Ne bis in idem
Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Ne bis in idem · Transfer of proceedings
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, subject to the following updates of the Applicant’s file: - the follow
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Cooperation of NCBs · Lawfulness-Validity of proceedings
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Due process · Family matter · International interest-Seriousness · Purpose
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Article 3 · Description of criminal activities · Due process · Human rights
The description of criminal activities must identify the person's specific role, acts, timing, means and any benefit. When the requesting bureau left the Commission's questions on those points unanswered despite extended deadlines, Article 83 of the Rules on the Processing of Data was not satisfied.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Article 3 · Misuse of Interpol_s channels
An allegation that INTERPOL's channels are being misused politically must rest on case-specific evidence. General reports about a country's use of the stolen documents database did not displace the bureau's showing that the passport had been cancelled by court order under national law.
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Accuracy-Quality · Purpose
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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Accuracy-Quality · Article 2 · Family matter · Seriousness
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Family matter · International interest-Seriousness · Ne bis in idem · Purpose
[xxx] Decides that the data concerning the Applicant s are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files .
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Description of criminal activities · Due process · Lawfulness or Validity of the proceedings
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data concerning the Applicant are not compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, and that they shall be deleted from INTERPOL’s files
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Accuracy-Quality · Purpose
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the challenged data are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data, subject to: a) the confirmation from the NCB of [Country 1] that the r
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Accuracy-Quality · Article 2
FOR THESE REASONS, THE COMMISSION Decides that the data challenged are compliant with INTERPOL’s rules applicable to the processing of personal data.
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No decisions match these filters.
Machine-readable dataset: JSON · CSV
Limits of this database
Three limits are worth stating plainly. First, coverage: the Commission has published excerpts for 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2023 onward, but none for 2020, 2021 or 2022, so those years are simply absent. Second, selection: what gets published is chosen by the Commission for its instructional value, so unusual reasoning is over-represented and routine outcomes are under-represented. Third, anonymisation: because states and dates are redacted, no entry can tell you how a particular country’s notices tend to fare.
The published excerpts are available from INTERPOL’s own CCF sessions and decisions page. This index adds classification, structured grounds, outcome coding and a machine-readable export; the documents themselves are INTERPOL’s.
Using the case law in a real application
Reading the decisions is not the same as running an application. The Commission answers the file in front of it, and the arguments that succeed are the ones supported by documents it can verify. If you are preparing a request, our CCF application work covers the procedure itself, and the team behind these Red Notice cases can assess which of the grounds above your file actually supports.
Frequently asked questions about CCF decisions
Does the CCF publish all of its decisions?
No. The Commission publishes only anonymised excerpts of decisions it considers instructive, and it does not publish the personal information of applicants. Sixty-five excerpts have been published, covering 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2023 onward; no excerpts were published for 2020, 2021 or 2022.
Are CCF decisions binding precedent?
No. The Commission is not a court and does not operate a doctrine of precedent, so an earlier decision does not bind a later one. The published excerpts still matter in practice, because they show how the Commission has reasoned on recurring grounds and what kind of evidence it treated as sufficient.
What can the Commission actually order?
It can find that data held in INTERPOLu0027s files are not compliant with INTERPOLu0027s rules, in which case the data are deleted. It can also order that a file be corrected or updated while the notice itself stands, and access to data can be blocked provisionally while a case is under review.
Why do the decisions not name any country?
The Commission redacts states, dates, names and case references before publication. Every redaction in these documents is INTERPOLu0027s own; nothing has been removed by us. That is also why the database cannot be filtered by requesting country.
What is the difference between Article 2 and Article 3 grounds?
Article 3 of INTERPOLu0027s Constitution forbids the organisation from any intervention in matters of a political, military, religious or racial character, and is argued where a prosecution is said to be politically motivated. Article 2 requires INTERPOL to act in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and covers risk of torture or ill-treatment, risk to life and serious health grounds.